Communication in Game Design: Your 3 Audiences
One of a game designer’s most important jobs is to
communicate the design of a game to their audience. That sounds pretty clear, right?
But we need to clarify a few things about that statement.
- What are you communicating?
- How are you communicating your design?
- Who is your audience?
I’m going to focus on that last question first. Who is your
audience? Identifying your audience will help you to craft your methods of
communication. As a designer, you have three main audiences. Each has different
needs and expectations, and you have to communicate with each group
differently.
Your three main audiences are:
- Your publisher (the people funding the game)
- Your development team (the people making the game)
- Your players (the people playing the game)
In this post, I’m going to focus on that first audience,
your Publisher.
Group 1: Communicating with Your Publisher
This is a huge topic that could span several posts, and I
may revisit this at a later time to go into more detail on various publishing
models. There are multiple publisher-developer relationships and each requires different
considerations. Typically, the publisher is the group that is spending the
money to fund development of the game and will be responsible to distribute the
game. As a game designer, your job is to help them understand what they are
spending their money on.
There are different kinds of publisher-developer
relationships:
- 1st Party Developer – the development team is owned by a company that manufactures a video game console and they develop games exclusively for that publisher. Nintendo, Sony, Microsoft are examples of this.
- 2nd Party Developer – typically an independent studio that makes games exclusively for a particular platform. Insomniac and Rare are examples of this.
- 3rd Party Developer – a development studio that enters into a contract to create games for a publisher. The developer may be in-house, owned by the publisher, or they may be independent and contract out to various publishers.
- Crowd-Funded – the developers may fund their game from money raised through Kickstarter or other similar means.
Regardless of the relationship, when you communicate with the
publisher, they need to be able to understand:
- The appeal of the game (who is going to want to play it)
- The scope of the game (how big of an investment are they going to have to make to get it done)
- The capability of the development team to deliver the game
- How they are going to market the game (what are competing titles, what is the genre of game?)
An Example of a Successful Pitch
Dead Head Fred is an example of a successful pitch. You can
read the details of the game’s development over on Wikipedia. While I worked at
Vicious Cycle, we put together a pitch document that was compelling enough for
D3 Publisher to pick up the idea and fund it. The team at Vicious Cycle did a
great job creating the game and the writers won the very first Writers Guild of
America award for video game writing.
The initial pitch did everything we needed it to do. It was
an original concept that had a clever hook. It had a fun story and a unique
gameplay mechanic. The publisher could visualize what the game would look like,
what kind of game it would be, and they understood its scope. Based on the
strength of the pitch, they flew out to do their due diligence on the studio
and saw Vicious Cycle’s Vicious Engine in action, saw that the studio had the
ability to deliver on the promises made in the pitch. The pitch, the strength
of the tools and engine we were using, the experience of the team, it all
worked to land the project. And in the end produce a great game.
Do You Need to do a Demo?
Sometimes, when you do a pitch, the developers will put
together a demo, a working sample of the game.
Is this a good idea? It can be.
Is this necessary? Possibly.
If you are going to create a demo, then it needs to be good.
If it’s sloppy or buggy, it will kill the pitch. Because all the publisher will
see is you can’t make a polished product, it doesn’t matter if it was slammed
together at the last minute or you only had a couple of days to put it together.
You are better off not doing a demo than doing a bad demo. If done correctly
though, it will go a long ways to sealing the deal.
What Not to Communicate to the Publisher
When you’re pitching a game to the publisher, you don’t
need to get bogged down in the intricate details of the design. Typically,
especially early on, you are communicating the high level of the design. There
will be a time for the spreadsheets, the numbers, the story and world lore, the
technical details needed to develop the game. But I’ve seen pitches fail
because the wrong information was communicated in the wrong way. You don’t need
to submit your 50 page story breakdown at the pitch stage. You don’t need the
technical specs of how the physics engine will handle all aspects of gameplay.
You will need this information, of course, but that is more appropriately aimed
at your development team.
In my next post I'll discuss communicating with the designer's second audience: the Development Team.
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